The Hyphal Tip: Fungal Genomes and Comparative Genomics

This is a research blog so I though I'd post some quick numbers we are seeing for de novo assembly of the [[Neurospora crassa]] genome using Velvet. The genome of N.crassa is about 40Mb and sequencing of several flow cells using Solexa/Illumina technology to see what kind of de novo reconstruction we'd get.

NPR had a story this weekend on Cocoa plantation collapse and the ecological aftermath of the changes the witches' broom fungus [[Moniliophthora perniciosa]] has wreaked. The genome sequence project for this Homobasidiomycete fungus is underway.

Science has a section dedicated to Microbial Ecology including a review describing microbial biogeography studying communities on the basis of trait rather than taxonomic diversity. Certainly this interlinks with metagenomic approaches well, something I've been thinking about more after visiting some of the folks at Montana State Thermal Biology Institute and all the increasingly massive datasets like what CAMERA provides.

The [[Trichoderma reesei]] genome paper was recently published in Nature Biotechnology from Diego Martinez at [[LANL]] with collaborators at [[JGI]], [[LBNL]], and others. This fungus was chosen for sequencing because it was found on canvas tents eating the cotton material suggesting it may be a good candidate for degrading cellulose plant material as part of cellulosic ethanol production.

The genome of Podospora anserina S mat+ strain was sequenced by Genoscope and CNRS and published recently in Genome Biology. The genome sequence data has been available for several years, but it is great to see a publication describing the findings.  The 10X genome assembly with ~10,000 genes provides an important dataset for comparisons

The transcriptional landscape of yeast has been (further) defined with [[Solexa]] sequencing in a method deemed "RNA-Seq", but what I would call "deep EST sequencing".  This approach for transcriptional profiling by sequencing alone is sure to be used by many labs looking for lower and more complete ways to describe and quantitate the full population of transcripts in an organism.

Jennifer from the other end of the lab just showed me the Rhizoctonia solani genome project page at JCVI.  Another Basidiomycete genome on the way, yah!

Tom Bruns, Martin Bidartondo and 250 others sent a letter to Science describing the current problems with fixing annotation in GenBank. There is an entertaining accompanying news article that interviews several people about the problem of updating annotation and species assigned to sequences in the database. In particular the problem for mycologists that many fungi found from metagenomic approaches are only identified through molecular sequences and having the wrong species associated with a sequence can be difficult when studying community ecology composition.  This problem is not limited to fungi by any means, but recent reports find as many as 20% of fungal Intergenic Spacer (ITS) sequences are mis-attributed to the wrong species. 

There's a nice quote in the news article from Steven Salzberg talking about the difficulties in getting sequences, especially from big centers, updated. I'm sure he is thinking of many examples, like reclassifying some Drosophila sequence traces.

Today, I would like to share the news about the publication of the Laccaria bicolor genome. This is the first mycorrhizal symbiotic genome published in the Nature journal. The title is "The genome of Laccaria bicolor provides insights into mycorrhizal symbiosis". The team consisteing of more than 60 researchers from 16 institutions have revealed the interaction between plant and fungi. For complete publication and additional

David Carter at the Sanger Centre emailed a message that new assemblies of Saccharomyces strain resequencing project have been posted including a new three-way alignment of S. bayanus-S.paradoxus-S.cerevisiae. This updates the Dec 2007 release.