The Hyphal Tip: Fungal Genomes and Comparative Genomics

This month's Genetics has a series of articles exploring the genome (published last year & freely available at Science) of the green algae [[Chlamydomonas reinhardtii]]. These manuscripts are primarily genome analyses making for a very bioinformatics focused issue of Genetics. Some of the highlights include:

Webb, C.J., Zakian, V.A. (2008). Identification and characterization of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe TER1 telomerase RNA. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 15(1), 34-42. DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1354

Leonardi, J., Box, J.A., Bunch, J.T., Baumann, P. (2008). TER1, the RNA subunit of fission yeast telomerase. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 15(1), 26-33. DOI: 10.1038/nsmb1343

Two papers in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology identify the telomerase RNA in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Telomerase is a multi-unit enzyme that has both protein and RNA components. While the protein subunit is highly conserved and identifiable through sequence comparisons of eukaryotes, the RNA subunit has a variable size and sequence making identification through comparative means more difficult. The S. pombe telomerase RNA subunit, or TER1, was discovered by two labs applying similar biochemical approaches to identify the locus.

Few organisms are as well understood at the genetic level as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Given that there are more yeast geneticists than yeast genes and exemplary resources for the community (largely a result of their size), this comes as no surprise.

Ignazio Carbone and colleagues published a recent analysis of the evolution of the aflatoxin gene cluster in five Aspergillus fungi entitled "Gene duplication, modularity and adaptation in the evolution of the aflatoxin gene cluster" in BMC Evolutionary Biology.

A paper in PLoS One, Assessing Performance of Orthology Detection Strategies Applied to Eukaryotic Genomes, reports a new approach to assess the performance of automated orthology detection. These authors also wrote the OrthoMCL (2006 DB paper, 2003 algorithm paper) which uses MCL to build orthologous gene families.

Steven Salzberg (who is nominated for the Franklin award at bioinformatics.org) has an opinion piece in Genome Biology proposing wiki technology to help solve the problem of genome annotations getting out of date. The problem comes down to how annotations are banked. Some people regard GenBank as the gold standard master for annotations, but it only provides a bank.